Epoch 1 – Humans, the Environment and History

The Epoch 1 digital book covers the first history module in the Finnish upper secondary school curriculum. The module "Humans, the Environment, and History" provides a comprehensive overview of Western history, from early advanced civilisations to the present day. You will learn how our species has shaped its environment, and how the environment has shaped us, throughout the ages. The module examines the economies and administrations of societies in different eras, while also examining the diversity of everyday life in different cultures throughout human history.

The module aims to equip the student with skills specific to the study of history, such as source criticism and producing information individually and in groups. The digital textbook and platform provide excellent opportunities for learning these skills. 

The book is in line with the current Finnish upper secondary school curriculum (LOPS2021).

1. What is history?

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
1.1.	What is history?
1.2.	Study skills in history

2. Agriculture and the development of societies

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
2.1.	Introduction
2.2.	From foraging to agriculture Tutustu ilmaiseksi!
2.3.	The first civilisations develop in river valleys

3. The world of antiquity

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
3.1.	Introduction
3.2.	Ancient Greece and Rome
3.3.	Trade and agriculture in the ancient world
3.4.	Technology and division of labour in the ancient world
3.5.	Humans and the environment in the ancient world
3.6.	The fall of the Roman Empire

4. Europe in the Middle Ages

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
4.1.	Introduction
4.2.	Medieval society was hierarchical
4.3.	Population development in the Middle Ages
4.4.	Medieval economy and cities
4.5.	Technological advances and the rise of nation states

5. Towards a global economy

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
5.1.	Introduction
5.2.	Why did Europeans set out on expeditions?
5.3.	Europe’s changing colonial powers
5.4.	The impacts of colonialism

6. Industrialisation changes the world

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
6.1.	Introduction
6.2.	Industrialisation begins in England
6.3.	Industrial work
6.4.	Urbanisation and its problems
6.5.	Industrialisation transforms society

7. The modern world

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
7.1.	Introduction
7.2.	The birth of the consumer society
7.3.	The development of technology creates the modern lifestyle
7.4.	Future challenges
7.5.	Can climate change be mitigated?

8. Extras

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
8.1.	For the teacher
8.2.	Terminology
8.3.	Glossary